Snake poem text written by Toufiq Rafat

 

Gangrene poem text by Toufiq Rafat

 

An Ancient Indian Coin poem by Daud Kamal explanation, critical analysis and the poet's writing style of this poem

 An Ancient Indian Coin

Stanza:1

                In the first stanza of an ancient Indian coin, the poet has given the fragmentation of beauty and cultural erasure references to the pre-partition of India. The image of the moon with a dark spot in it personifies a society that is half dark with moral and spiritual adversity, and people are just concerned with their religion and fighting for it. The poet is showing the picture of independence when Muslims and Hindus were fighting on a religious basis. They had even erased the tradition of celebrating Vasanta [Basant] that comes in the spring season, and the spring season brings happiness and prosperity with it. This tradition of the sub-continent of India Basant is also helpless to not let them separate.

The poet has been giving a reference from History that a sadhu is sitting in one of the Himalayas’ caves and is

unhappy about the crucial situation of society because he is most concerned with humanity. He has been doing their meditations and worshiping gods to save humanity. The local and universal images of beauty in the first stanza are the images of the moon and the mountain of Himalaya.

Stanza: 2

                 In the second stanza, the poet demonstrates the corrupt and violent society of his ages that people have made their gods by themselves. He has criticized the Hindu set of Brahmin that they have the power of being ascetic, so they will say people have to follow their commands. They have been misleading and morally betraying their followers by providing wrong information to make them affirm their false Hinduism beliefs just for earning wealth. They have accumulated money to be free from all kinds of problems. The poet gives a Mystic Philosophy in the last line that means money cannot gives you everything in your life, especially when you are earning in the wrong way, which may result in your moral and spiritual disaster. 

Stanza: 3

                In the third stanza, the poet talks about the beliefs of Hinduism and the cruelty of the kings. In Hinduism, seven beliefs are there, and the symbol of seven jade goblets shows it. One of them is complete which is “atman”, or the belief in a soul. And this main thought holds that living creatures have a soul, and they are all part of the supreme soul. The poet also gives the picture of class differences in the times when the king and upper class [Brahmin] are enjoying the luxuries of life even though the king’s dogs are getting better food than his nation. The poet demonstrates their cruelty and hypocrisy that he has been treating poor society below the level of humanity.

Stanza: 4

                 In the last stanza, the poet says that on the river Indus, where all the rivers meet, the sub-continent of India had several religions. There was no other way of settlement among them to live together, so they needed partition. And this will create disharmony and hatred among them even if they would fight or kill each other, so in this case, the partition will never bring prosperity. The poet laments himself for speaking bitterly about the aspect of his society, and many times he tries to serene himself but fails to do so because of Patriotism, he cannot stop himself, and his tongue slips.

 Sadaf Safdar:24

 GOVT.POST-GRADUATE COLLEGE MANDI BAHA-UDDIN